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B&W Film Development

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Acutance

(gotta look this one up a bit more...) Acutance often refers to edge sharpness. Developers that accentuate edge and overall apparent sharpness are called acutance developers. The most common example is Rodinal.

The other category of developer is a solvent developer.

Interestingly, if you dilute some solvent developers such that the sulfite concentration is low enough, it becomes an acutance developer. D76 1+3 is one example. Perceptol, which is among the highest solvent developers around, is actually an acutance one at 1+3 as well.

Anti-halation layer

This layer is on the back side of the emulsion, and is used to reduce reflections within the film base. Without it, sources of light would have these glowing halos around them.

When you do a pre-soak prior to developing, if the water comes out colored it's the antihalation layer that comes out.

Changing bag

A changing bag is just a light proof bag in which you can load film onto reels, sheet film into holders, or anything that for which you'd normally need a "real" darkroom. Some variants are changing tents and dark boxes, both of which have structure to make the process a bit easier.

Compensation

Daylight development tank

The majority of roll film and some sheet film development is done in daylight development tanks. Once you load the film onto the reel in the dark, insert the reel(s) into the tank and put on the light trap and lid, you can do the rest of the film processing in the daylight. Common examples are from Paterson and Jobo.

Developer

Edge Effects

Grain

Ilford washing method

Solvent Developer

Sulfite

Wetting Agent